/*
    * Gary Cornell and Cay S. Horstmann, Core Java (Book/CD-ROM)
    * Published By SunSoft Press/Prentice-Hall
    * Copyright (C) 1996 Sun Microsystems Inc.
    * All Rights Reserved. ISBN 0-13-565755-5
    *
    * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this 
    * software and its documentation for NON-COMMERCIAL purposes
    * and without fee is hereby granted provided that this 
   * copyright notice appears in all copies. 
   * 
   * THE AUTHORS AND PUBLISHER MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR 
   * WARRANTIES ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THE SOFTWARE, EITHER 
   * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE 
   * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A 
   * PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. THE AUTHORS
   * AND PUBLISHER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED 
   * BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING 
   * THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES.
   */
   
  /***
   * A class for formatting numbers that follows printf conventions.
   * Also implements C-like atoi and atof functions
   * @version 1.1.3 Wed Jul 18 15:00:35 GMT 2001
  
  
  
   * @author Cay Horstmann
   */
  
  package edu.sc.seis.TauP;
  
  /* was
   *   package corejava;
   * but changed to the TauP package to avoid namespace conflicts. 
   * HPC 8/27/98
   *
   * fixed_format does rounding incorrectly, fixed Oct 27, 1998, HPC
   *
   */
  
  
  public class Format
  
  { /*** 
    * Formats the number following printf conventions.
    * Main limitation: Can only handle one format parameter at a time
    * Use multiple Format objects to format more than one number
    * @param s the format string following printf conventions
    * The string has a prefix, a format code and a suffix. The prefix and suffix
    * become part of the formatted output. The format code directs the
    * formatting of the (single) parameter to be formatted. The code has the
    * following structure
    * <ul>
    * <li> a % (required)
    * <li> a modifier (optional)
    * <dl>
    * <dt> + <dd> forces display of + for positive numbers
    * <dt> 0 <dd> show leading zeroes
    * <dt> - <dd> align left in the field
    * <dt> space <dd> prepend a space in front of positive numbers
    * <dt> # <dd> use "alternate" format. Add 0 or 0x for octal or hexadecimal numbers. Don't suppress trailing zeroes in general floating point format.
    * </dl>
    * <li> an integer denoting field width (optional)
    * <li> a period followed by an integer denoting precision (optional)
    * <li> a format descriptor (required)
    * <dl>
    * <dt>f <dd> floating point number in fixed format
    * <dt>e, E <dd> floating point number in exponential notation (scientific format). The E format results in an uppercase E for the exponent (1.14130E+003), the e format in a lowercase e.
    * <dt>g, G <dd> floating point number in general format (fixed format for small numbers, exponential format for large numbers). Trailing zeroes are suppressed. The G format results in an uppercase E for the exponent (if any), the g format in a lowercase e.
    * <dt>d, i <dd> integer in decimal
    * <dt>x <dd> integer in hexadecimal
    * <dt>o <dd> integer in octal
    * <dt>s <dd> string
    * <dt>c <dd> character
    * </dl>
    * </ul>
    * @exception IllegalArgumentException if bad format
    */
  
     public Format(String s)
     {  width = 0;
        precision = -1;
        pre = "";
        post = "";
        leading_zeroes = false;
        show_plus = false;
        alternate = false;
        show_space = false;
        left_align = false;
        fmt = ' '; 
        
        int state = 0; 
        int length = s.length();
        int parse_state = 0; 
        // 0 = prefix, 1 = flags, 2 = width, 3 = precision,
        // 4 = format, 5 = end
        int i = 0;
       
       while (parse_state == 0)
       {  if (i >= length) parse_state = 5;
          else if (s.charAt(i) == '%')
          {  if (i < length - 1)
             {  if (s.charAt(i + 1) == '%')
                {  pre = pre + '%';
                   i++;
                }
                else
                   parse_state = 1;
             }
             else throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();
          }
          else
             pre = pre + s.charAt(i);
          i++;
       }
       while (parse_state == 1)
       {  if (i >= length) parse_state = 5;
          else if (s.charAt(i) == ' ') show_space = true;
          else if (s.charAt(i) == '-') left_align = true; 
          else if (s.charAt(i) == '+') show_plus = true;
          else if (s.charAt(i) == '0') leading_zeroes = true;
          else if (s.charAt(i) == '#') alternate = true;
          else { parse_state = 2; i--; }
          i++;
       }      
       while (parse_state == 2)
       {  if (i >= length) parse_state = 5;
          else if ('0' <= s.charAt(i) && s.charAt(i) <= '9')
          {  width = width * 10 + s.charAt(i) - '0';
             i++;
          }
          else if (s.charAt(i) == '.')
          {  parse_state = 3;
             precision = 0;
             i++;
          }
          else 
             parse_state = 4;            
       }
       while (parse_state == 3)
       {  if (i >= length) parse_state = 5;
          else if ('0' <= s.charAt(i) && s.charAt(i) <= '9')
          {  precision = precision * 10 + s.charAt(i) - '0';
             i++;
          }
          else 
             parse_state = 4;                  
       }
       if (parse_state == 4) 
       {  if (i >= length) parse_state = 5;
          else fmt = s.charAt(i);
          i++;
       }
       if (i < length)
          post = s.substring(i, length);
    }      
 
   /*** 
   * prints a formatted number following printf conventions
   * @param s a PrintStream
   * @param fmt the format string
   * @param x the double to print
   */
   
    public static void print(java.io.PrintStream s, String fmt, double x)
    {  s.print(new Format(fmt).form(x));
    }
 
   /*** 
   * prints a formatted number following printf conventions
   * @param s a PrintStream
   * @param fmt the format string
   * @param x the long to print
   */
   public static void print(java.io.PrintStream s, String fmt, long x)
    {  s.print(new Format(fmt).form(x));
    }
 
   /*** 
   * prints a formatted number following printf conventions
   * @param s a PrintStream
   * @param fmt the format string
   * @param x the character to 
   */
   
    public static void print(java.io.PrintStream s, String fmt, char x)
    {  s.print(new Format(fmt).form(x));
    }
 
   /*** 
   * prints a formatted number following printf conventions
   * @param s a PrintStream, fmt the format string
   * @param x a string that represents the digits to print
   */
   
    public static void print(java.io.PrintStream s, String fmt, String x)
    {  s.print(new Format(fmt).form(x));
    }
    
   /*** 
   * Converts a string of digits (decimal, octal or hex) to an integer
   * @param s a string
   * @return the numeric value of the prefix of s representing a base 10 integer
   */
   
    public static int atoi(String s)
    {  return (int)atol(s);
    } 
    
   /*** 
   * Converts a string of digits (decimal, octal or hex) to a long integer
   * @param s a string
   * @return the numeric value of the prefix of s representing a base 10 integer
   */
   
    public static long atol(String s)
    {  int i = 0;
 
       while (i < s.length() && Character.isSpace(s.charAt(i))) i++;
       if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '0')
       {  if (i + 1 < s.length() && (s.charAt(i + 1) == 'x' || s.charAt(i + 1) == 'X'))
             return parseLong(s.substring(i + 2), 16);
          else return parseLong(s, 8);
       }
       else return parseLong(s, 10);
    }
 
    private static long parseLong(String s, int base)
    {  int i = 0;
       int sign = 1;
       long r = 0;
       
       while (i < s.length() && Character.isSpace(s.charAt(i))) i++;
       if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '-') { sign = -1; i++; }
       else if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '+') { i++; }
       while (i < s.length())
       {  char ch = s.charAt(i);
          if ('0' <= ch && ch < '0' + base)
             r = r * base + ch - '0';
          else if ('A' <= ch && ch < 'A' + base - 10)
             r = r * base + ch - 'A' + 10 ;
          else if ('a' <= ch && ch < 'a' + base - 10)
             r = r * base + ch - 'a' + 10 ;
          else 
             return r * sign;
          i++;
       }
       return r * sign;      
    }
       
    /*** 
    * Converts a string of digits to an double
    * @param s a string
    */
    
    public static double atof(String s)
    {  int i = 0;
       int sign = 1;
       double r = 0; // integer part
       double f = 0; // fractional part
       double p = 1; // exponent of fractional part
       int state = 0; // 0 = int part, 1 = frac part
       
       while (i < s.length() && Character.isSpace(s.charAt(i))) i++;
       if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '-') { sign = -1; i++; }
       else if (i < s.length() && s.charAt(i) == '+') { i++; }
       while (i < s.length())
       {  char ch = s.charAt(i);
          if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9')
          {  if (state == 0)
                r = r * 10 + ch - '0';
             else if (state == 1)
             {  p = p / 10;
                r = r + p * (ch - '0');
             }
          }
          else if (ch == '.') 
          {  if (state == 0) state = 1; 
             else return sign * r;
          }
          else if (ch == 'e' || ch == 'E')
          {  long e = (int)parseLong(s.substring(i + 1), 10);
             return sign * r * Math.pow(10, e);
          }
          else return sign * r;
          i++;
       }
       return sign * r;
    }
             
    /*** 
    * Formats a double into a string (like sprintf in C)
    * @param x the number to format
    * @return the formatted string 
    * @exception IllegalArgumentException if bad argument
    */
    
    public String form(double x)
    {  String r;
       if (precision < 0) precision = 6;
       int s = 1;
       if (x < 0) { x = -x; s = -1; }
       if (fmt == 'f')
          r = fixed_format(x);
       else if (fmt == 'e' || fmt == 'E' || fmt == 'g' || fmt == 'G')
          r = exp_format(x);
       else throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();
       
       return pad(sign(s, r));
    }
    
    /*** 
    * Formats a long integer into a string (like sprintf in C)
    * @param x the number to format
    * @return the formatted string 
    */
    
    public String form(long x)
    {  String r; 
       int s = 0;
       if (fmt == 'd' || fmt == 'i')
       {  s = 1;
          if (x < 0) { x = -x; s = -1; }
          r = "" + x;
       }
       else if (fmt == 'o')
          r = convert(x, 3, 7, "01234567");
       else if (fmt == 'x')
          r = convert(x, 4, 15, "0123456789abcdef");
       else if (fmt == 'X')
          r = convert(x, 4, 15, "0123456789ABCDEF");
       else throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();
          
       return pad(sign(s, r));
    }
    
    /*** 
    * Formats a character into a string (like sprintf in C)
    * @param x the value to format
    * @return the formatted string 
    */
    
    public String form(char c)
    {  if (fmt != 'c')
          throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();
 
       String r = "" + c;
       return pad(r);
    }
    
    /*** 
    * Formats a string into a larger string (like sprintf in C)
    * @param x the value to format
    * @return the formatted string 
    */
    
    public String form(String s)
    {  if (fmt != 's')
          throw new java.lang.IllegalArgumentException();
       if (precision >= 0) s = s.substring(0, precision);
       return pad(s);
    }
    
     
    /***
    * a test stub for the format class
    */
    
    public static void main(String[] a)
    {  double x = 1.23456789012;
       double y = 123;
       double z = 1.2345e30;
       double w = 1.02;
       double u = 1.234e-5;
       int d = 0xCAFE;
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |%f|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "u = |%20f|\n", u);
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |% .5f|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "w = |%20.5f|\n", w);
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |%020.5f|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |%+20.5f|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |%+020.5f|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |% 020.5f|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "y = |%#+20.5f|\n", y);
       Format.print(System.out, "y = |%-+20.5f|\n", y);
       Format.print(System.out, "z = |%20.5f|\n", z);
       
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |%e|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "u = |%20e|\n", u);
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |% .5e|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "w = |%20.5e|\n", w);
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |%020.5e|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |%+20.5e|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |%+020.5e|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |% 020.5e|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "y = |%#+20.5e|\n", y);
       Format.print(System.out, "y = |%-+20.5e|\n", y);
       
       Format.print(System.out, "x = |%g|\n", x);
       Format.print(System.out, "z = |%g|\n", z);
       Format.print(System.out, "w = |%g|\n", w);
       Format.print(System.out, "u = |%g|\n", u);
       Format.print(System.out, "y = |%.2g|\n", y);
       Format.print(System.out, "y = |%#.2g|\n", y);
 
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%d|\n", d);
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%20d|\n", d);            
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%020d|\n", d);    
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%+20d|\n", d);
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |% 020d|\n", d);
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%-20d|\n", d);
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%20.8d|\n", d);
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%x|\n", d);            
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%20X|\n", d);    
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%#20x|\n", d);
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%020X|\n", d);
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%20.8x|\n", d);
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%o|\n", d);            
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%020o|\n", d);    
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%#20o|\n", d);
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%#020o|\n", d);
       Format.print(System.out, "d = |%20.12o|\n", d);
       
       Format.print(System.out, "s = |%-20s|\n", "Hello");      
       Format.print(System.out, "s = |%-20c|\n", '!');      
    }
 
    
    private static String repeat(char c, int n)
    {  if (n <= 0) return "";
       StringBuffer s = new StringBuffer(n);
       for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) s.append(c);
       return s.toString();
    }
 
    private static String convert(long x, int n, int m, String d)
    {  if (x == 0) return "0";
       String r = "";
       while (x != 0)
       {  r = d.charAt((int)(x & m)) + r;
          x = x >>> n;
       }
       return r;
    }
 
    private String pad(String r)
    {  String p = repeat(' ', width - r.length());
       if (left_align) return pre + r + p + post;
       else return pre + p + r + post;
    }
    
    private String sign(int s, String r)
    {  String p = "";
       if (s < 0) p = "-"; 
       else if (s > 0)
       {  if (show_plus) p = "+";
          else if (show_space) p = " ";
       }
       else
       {  if (fmt == 'o' && alternate && r.length() > 0 && r.charAt(0) != '0') p = "0";
          else if (fmt == 'x' && alternate) p = "0x";
          else if (fmt == 'X' && alternate) p = "0X";
       }
       int w = 0;
       if (leading_zeroes) 
          w = width;
       else if ((fmt == 'd' || fmt == 'i' || fmt == 'x' || fmt == 'X' || fmt == 'o') 
          && precision > 0) w = precision;
       
       return p + repeat('0', w - p.length() - r.length()) + r;
    }
    
            
    private String fixed_format(double d)
    {  String f = "";
 
       if (d > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL) return exp_format(d);
    
 		if (precision > 0) {
 		    d = Math.rint(d * Math.pow(10, precision))/Math.pow(10, precision);
       }
       long l = (long)(precision == 0 ? d + 0.5 : d);
       f = f + l;
       
       double fr = d - l; // fractional part
       if (fr >= 1 || fr < 0) return exp_format(d);
     
       return f + frac_part(fr);
    }   
    
    private String frac_part(double fr)
    // precondition: 0 <= fr < 1
    {  String z = "";
       if (precision > 0)
       {  double factor = 1;
          String leading_zeroes = "";
          for (int i = 1; i <= precision && factor <= 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL; i++) 
          {  factor *= 10; 
             leading_zeroes = leading_zeroes + "0"; 
          }
          long l = (long) (factor * fr + 0.5);
 
          z = leading_zeroes + l;
          z = z.substring(z.length() - precision, z.length());
       }
 
       
       if (precision > 0 || alternate) z = "." + z;
       if ((fmt == 'G' || fmt == 'g') && !alternate)
       // remove trailing zeroes and decimal point
       {  int t = z.length() - 1;
          while (t >= 0 && z.charAt(t) == '0') t--;
          if (t >= 0 && z.charAt(t) == '.') t--;
          z = z.substring(0, t + 1);
       }
       return z;
    }
 
    private String exp_format(double d)
    {  String f = "";
       int e = 0;
       double dd = d;
       double factor = 1;
       while (dd > 10) { e++; factor /= 10; dd = dd / 10; }
       while (dd < 1) { e--; factor *= 10; dd = dd * 10; }
       if ((fmt == 'g' || fmt == 'G') && e >= -4 && e < precision) 
          return fixed_format(d);
       
       d = d * factor;
       f = f + fixed_format(d);
       
       if (fmt == 'e' || fmt == 'g')
          f = f + "e";
       else
          f = f + "E";
 
       String p = "000";      
       if (e >= 0) 
       {  f = f + "+";
          p = p + e;
       }
       else
       {  f = f + "-";
          p = p + (-e);
       }
          
       return f + p.substring(p.length() - 3, p.length());
    }
    
    private int width;
    private int precision;
    private String pre;
    private String post;
    private boolean leading_zeroes;
    private boolean show_plus;
    private boolean alternate;
    private boolean show_space;
    private boolean left_align;
    private char fmt; // one of cdeEfgGiosxXos
 }